Chances of getting pregnant at end of period

Yes, it's possible to get pregnant right after, on, or even just before your period. The likelihood of getting pregnant varies depending on timing and the length of your cycle.

If you're trying to get pregnant, the best time to have sex is just before or during ovulation. If you're not trying to get pregnant, use reliable contraception no matter which day of your cycle it is.

Here's a rundown of your chances of getting pregnant during your period, and on the days before and after it.

Can you get pregnant on your period?

Yes, but it's unlikely. It's possible to get pregnant during your period when:

• You have a very short menstrual cycle (the time from the first day of one period to the first day of your next period).
• You have long periods.
• You were bleeding around the time of ovulation (spotting between periods) and mistakenly thought it was a regular period. If you had unprotected sex at that time, you could conceive.

Here's why you could get pregnant during your period:

Ovulation happens during the middle of your menstrual cycle – anywhere between 7 and 19 days before your period starts. During ovulation, an egg reaches maturity in one of your two ovaries, the ovary releases the egg into your abdomen, and it gets sucked into the nearest fallopian tube, where it can survive for about 24 hours. Conception occurs when an egg and sperm meet in a fallopian tube.

A typical menstrual cycle is 28 days, which usually leaves a good few days between the end of your period and the start of ovulation. But some women have cycles as short as 22 days. If you have a short cycle or long periods, you could ovulate right after your period ends. And because sperm can survive in your reproductive tract for up to five days, if you have sex during your period, it's possible that live sperm will be there when you ovulate, ready to fertilize the egg.

Can you get pregnant right after your period?

Yes. Immediately after your period is still not the ideal time to get pregnant, but you are more likely to conceive at this time than during your period. That's because you're closer to the time when you will ovulate.

Again, two factors can increase your chances of getting pregnant right after your period:

1. A short menstrual cycle
2. A long period

The shorter your cycle and the longer your period, the more likely it is that you'll be fertile during the last few days of your period or in the days just afterward.

Can you get pregnant right before your period?

Yes, but it's unlikely, and chances are even lower that you could conceive during this time than while you are on your period or right after it.  That's because the time you are fertile has probably passed.

However, if you have a menstrual cycle that is shorter than the typical 28 days, there are fewer days between ovulation and the start of your next period during which you are not fertile. That means your chances of getting pregnant right before your period are higher if you have a shorter cycle and lower if you have a longer cycle.

Learn more:

• The best time to get pregnant
• How to get pregnant: A primer
• Ovulation symptoms
• Ovulation predictor kits

Is it possible to conceive while menstruating? Can sperm survive in blood? Fertility expert and OBGYN Dr. Gleaton gives us the 4-1-1.  

By OBGYN and fertility expert Dr. Kenosha Gleaton

Whether you’re trying to conceive or not, it’s helpful to know how to plan around your fertile and not-so-fertile windows. Let’s talk about how menstruating can impact your chances of conceiving. 

Likelihood of getting pregnant while menstruating

Based on a typical 28 day menstrual cycle, it’s extremely unlikely to get pregnant while menstruating. The period marks the first day of a new cycle, and the fertile period starts around day 9-14. This means that for pregnancy to occur, you’ll need to have sex during the fertile window as sperm can only live inside the reproductive tract for around five days. 

Of course, there are individuals who may experience irregular periods and determining the fertility window may be a bit challenging. 

The chances of conceiving on the first few days of your period are when it is the most unlikely to conceive, although the likelihood does increase towards the end of the menstrual period.

How does getting pregnant on your period occur 

In order for pregnancy to occur, sperm has to fertilize a mature egg. If you only had sex on your period and still got pregnant, this may point to a few things:

• You have a short menstrual cycle: Typically ovulation occurs 14 days before the period, but menstrual cycles can be different for everyone and are sometimes irregular, or shorter than the usual 28 day cycle. It’s possible that you have a shorter cycle, closer to 20 days, and ovulate only a few days after your menstrual period ends. Sperm can live inside the reproductive tract for up to five days, creating some overlap between the final day of your period and the period of ovulation. Thus, even if a woman experiences a shorter cycle and has sex during her period, sperm from ejaculation may remain inside her reproductive system and may fertilize the egg if ovulation occurs.

• That blood wasn’t from your period: If you experienced some bleeding that you assumed was your period, it’s possible it could’ve been implantation bleeding. It’s normal to have a little bit of spotting after a fertilized egg burrows into the uterine lining. Taking a pregnancy test too soon after implantation or before implantation has actually occurred can result in a false-negative result. However, waiting seven days after implantation is likely to yield an accurate result. 

Read more about spotting → 

So while the chances of getting pregnant from period sex are low, there are still some factors that can increase the chances. A shorter cycle, irregular menstruation, and spotting are just a few factors that can play a role.

Can sperm survive in menstrual blood?

Yes, sperm can survive in menstrual blood. Sperm can survive in the reproductive system during the five days prior to and the day after ovulation, regardless of if menstruation is occuring. 

What’s ovulation anyway?

Ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary and occurs typically 14 days prior to the next cycle (menstruation). Ovulation is triggered by a surge of Luteinizing Hormone or LH and typically occurs within 48 hours of this surge. The ovary releases an egg which travels into the fallopian tube and toward the uterus. 

The lifespan of a released egg is only 24 hours, and if not fertilized during this time, it will die. Ovulation is detectable in the urine using ovulation tests, which measure LH levels and can be useful in timing intercourse when trying to conceive. Although pregnancy can occur during the five days prior to and the day after ovulation, you are most likely to conceive if sperm are swimming in the fallopian tubes prior to ovulation occurring.

How to reduce the chances of getting pregnant

If you’re not trying to conceive, there are a lot of ways to reduce your chances. Birth control comes in many forms. Here’s a quick breakdown:

• Hormonal options:
• Birth control pills: Either combination pills or progestin only
• Birth control shot: Given every three months
• Hormone patch: Changed once a week
• Implant: Inserted under the skin of the arm, provides protection for up to four years
• Hormone vaginal ring: Changed once a month/every three weeks

• Barrier options:
• Condoms: male or female
• Diaphragm/cervical cap: An object placed inside the vagina to block sperm from reaching an egg, usually used with a spermicide
• Spermicide: Can be a gel, foam, or other substance made for killing sperm before they can reach an egg 

• Intrauterine options:
• Copper IUD: A device inserted into the uterus that can last up to 12 years 
• Hormonal IUD: A device inserted into the uterus that can last up to six years

• Permanent options:
• Tubal ligation: This is a medical procedure that blocks the fallopian tubes so that no eggs can be fertilized
• Vasectomy: This is a medical procedure that blocks sperm from mixing with semen so that no eggs can be fertilized. 

• Other options:
• Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM): This may work for women who have recently had a baby and are breastfeeding—although it’s not always a reliable method—and certain simultaneous conditions must be in place: (1) the baby is under six months, (2) the mother is still amenorrheic, and (3) the mother practices exclusive or quasi-exclusive breastfeeding on demand, day and night.
• Emergency contraception: There are two immediate contraception methods available if you’re in a pinch. The copper IUD can be inserted up to five days after unprotected sex, or plan-B can be taken up to three days after unprotected sex (although taking it sooner = better chance of it working).
• Fertility awareness-based methods: There are a lot of methods that fall under this category, including tracking ovulation, tracking cervical mucus, body temperature, and more. Read more about natural family planning.

Take-aways

• The typical cycle lasts 28 days, but can vary depending on the person. 
• While it’s still not very likely, you have a better chance of conceiving towards the end of your period than on the first few days. 
• If you had sex on your period and are pregnant, you may have a short cycle, or you may have confused implantation bleeding for your period. 
• Ovulation occurs around the middle of your cycle, about 14 days before your period begins.
• A released egg has about 24 hours to be fertilized before it dies, so if you’re TTC, you’ll want to have sex in the days leading up to ovulation. 
• Sperm can live in the reproductive tract for up to five days.
• There are many options to reduce the chance of getting pregnant, including hormonal birth control, barrier methods, intrauterine devices, and more. 

Featured Image by Karolina Grabowska