Error:03000086:digital envelope routines::initialization error

Fix - error:0308010C:digital envelope routines::unsupported #

To solve the "error:0308010C:digital envelope routines::unsupported", set the NODE_OPTIONS environment variable to --openssl-legacy-provider when running your development server, or change your Node.js version to the LTS by issuing the nvm install --lts command.

The first thing you should try is set the NODE_OPTIONS environment variable to --openssl-legacy-provider.

Open your terminal and run the following command:

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# 👇️ macOS, Linux or Windows Git Bash
export NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider

# ----------------------------------------------------

# 👇️ Windows CMD
set NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider

Alternatively, you can add the --openssl-legacy-provider flag when issuing the command in your package.json file.

Here is an example of how you would do that with create-react-app.

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{
  "scripts": {
    "start": "react-scripts --openssl-legacy-provider start"
  }
}

If that doesn't help, try to set the NODE_OPTIONS environment variable right before issuing the command.

Make sure to update the command after the environment variable depending on your use case.

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{
  "scripts": {
    "dev": "NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider next dev",
    "build": "NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider next build && next export",
  }
}

If you run the command on Windows, you might get an error - "'NODE_OPTIONS' is not recognized as an internal or external command".

Install the cross-env package to solve the error.

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npm install cross-env

And prefix the environment variable and the command with cross-env.

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{
  "scripts": {
    "dev": "cross-env NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider next dev",
    "build": "cross-env NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider next build && next export",
  }
}

We simply prefixed the command in the package.json script with NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider, e.g. NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider YOUR_COMMAND_HERE.

If that didn't resolve your issue, run the node -v command and make sure you are running the long-term supported version of Node.js.

You can issue the following command if you use nvm:

The command will install and switch to the long-term supported version, which should resolve the issue.

The error often occurs when installing the latest version of Node. Rolling back to the long-term supported version solves it.

The --openssl-legacy-provider option is needed when using the latest version of Node.js, because Node.js 17 and later uses OpenSSL 3.0 which has had some breaking changes.

In this post, we will see How To Fix Error – “Digital Envelope Routines::Unsupported” in Node.js, React.js, Angular.js, Vue.js, Docker etc. Various facets of the error –

Error: error:0308010C:digital envelope routines::unsupported
at new Hash (node:internal/crypto/hash:67:19)

Error: digital envelope routines::unsupported
opensslErrorStack: [ 'error:03000086:digital envelope routines::initialization error' ],
library: 'digital envelope routines',

Failed to construct transformer: Error: error:0308010C:digital envelope routines::unsupported
at new Hash (node:internal/crypto/hash:67:19)

Error: digital envelope routines::unsupported
opensslErrorStack: [ 'error:03000086:digital envelope routines::initialization error' ],
library: 'digital envelope routines',
reason: 'unsupported',
code: 'ERR_OSSL_EVP_UNSUPPORTED'

The common reason for such issue is Version conflict issue or Version not in-sync with other entities in the system. Sometimes using latest Node.js might throw such error. Lot of projects still depend on Webpack 4 but the latest Node.js might not be compatible with that. Majorly this is caused by the latest Node.js Version compatible issues with OpenSSL.

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Check you node version

node -v

We will try out the below two options to see if that helps to fix the issue.

Option 1:

If you want to stick to your existing Node.js without down-grading it, then try the below steps –

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• Use openssl-legacy-provider by setting it as an environment variable

• • Windows – Set below as environment variable

set NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider

• • Mac\Linux – Set below in ~/.bash_profile or ~/.bashrc so that it stays even after you logout\login back.

export NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider

• • For Docker – add the Highlighted bit in Dockekrfile

ENV NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider

OR

RUN export NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider && yarn build && yarn install

• The openssl-legacy-provider parameter should be placed inside your package.json. Add the part highlighted in Red.

• • For Angular, use the below and then use npm start

"start": "set NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider && ng serve -o"

• • For React, use the below in the package.json file.

"scripts": {
"start": "react-scripts --openssl-legacy-provider start",
"build": "react-scripts --openssl-legacy-provider build",
}

OR

"scripts": {
"start": "export SET NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider && react-scripts start",
"build": "export SET NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider && react-scripts build"
}

• For Vue.js, use the below in the package.json file.

"scripts": {
"serve": "export NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider && vue-cli-service serve",
"build": "export NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider && vue-cli-service build",
"lint": "export NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider && vue-cli-service lint"
},

OR

"scripts": {
"serve": "vue-cli-service --openssl-legacy-provider serve",
"build": "vue-cli-service --openssl-legacy-provider build",
"lint": "vue-cli-service --openssl-legacy-provider lint"
},

• Also add something like the below Highlighted –

 "scripts": {

       "build": "NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider npm run build:your-app:testing”,
       "build:your-app:testing": "NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider ng build your-app 
                        --deploy-url https://your-app.com/ --configuration=test-config"

Another example –

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"scripts": {
    "dev": "NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider nuxt"
}

Option 2:

At this point, I am assuming Option 1 somehow did not work out to fix the issue. The next option we can try is to roll-back to an older version of Node.js (STABLE) which is compatible with Webpack and doesn’t render this issue.

• The version that you are using might not be compatible with some Webpack components.

• Remove the current Node.js version and go-back i.e. Downgrade to an older Stable version. e.g. From Node.js 17+ go back to Node.js version 16+.
  • Windows – Uninstall node from the “Add or remove programs”. Alternatively use https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/dev-environment/javascript/nodejs-on-windows to setup nvm and control Node version through it

nvm use <version>

• • Linux\Mac –

sudo n lts <------ To demote to the last LTS

OR

$ npm install -g n
$ n <VERSION_NO>

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• Once done, cross check if node version is downgraded

$ node -v

•  Delete the folder “node_modules” .

• Re-install Node.js
  • Re-install the latest LTS node.js version from – https://nodejs.org/en/download/releases/
  • Alternatively use NVM package –
    • Linux\Mac – https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm
    • Windows – https://github.com/coreybutler/nvm-windows

nvm instal lts

OR

nvm use lts

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• Rebuild your project.

Hope this helps to solve the error.

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