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When a work has no identified author, cite in text the first few words of the reference list entry (usually the title) and the year. Use double quotation marks around the title of an article, a chapter or a web page, and italicise the title of a journal, a book, a brochure, or a report. When a work's author is designated as "Anonymous" cite in text the word Anonymous followed by a comma and the date. In text citationsExample: "A mammoth guilt trip" (2014) describes... Reference listArticle title. (Year). Journal title in italics, Volume number in italics(issue or part number if needed), page numbers. Example: A mammoth guilt trip: Criminalising the American company. (2014). The Economist, 21-24. General Format In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Book title [usually shortened], Year) In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Book title [usually shortened], Year, page number) References: Book title: Subtitle. (Year). Publisher. Example In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Merriam-Webster's, 2005) In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Merriam-Webster's, 2005, p. 3) References: Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (11th ed.). (2005). Merriam-Webster. Answered By: Jennifer HarrisLast Updated: Aug 19, 2022 Views: 89467Identifying AuthorshipPer the APA, to determine authorship, ask "who is responsible for this content?" (Lee, 2010). Sometimes it isn't a person or persons who wrote or edited the material but rather an entity (government, associations, agencies, companies, etc). Therefore, the entity will be the author. For example, if you are referencing guidelines from the CDC regarding wearing masks, your author would be the Centers for Disease Control: ExampleCiting Sources with No AuthorWhen there is no author identified, use the first few words from the title of the source used, unless the author of the work is specifically identified as “Anonymous.” For more information, please review the “Missing Reference Information This link opens in a new window” page of the APA Style Blog. ExampleThe report condemned the practice ("Will returning to its founder's vision," 2011). The government was at fault for the results (Anonymous, 2016). References Will returning to its founder's vision bring prosperity to the Detroit automotive giant, asks Ray Hutto. (2011, January 9). Sunday Times, 9. Anonymous. (2016, August 14). Part IV: ISIS rising 2014-2015. New York Times Magazine, 43-50. Examples of Citing Articles, Book Chapters, Web Pages, and Special Issue of Journal with No AuthorExampleGeneral Rules
Examples of Citing Periodicals, Books, Reports, or Brochure Titles with No AuthorExampleGeneral Rules
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Further HelpThis information is intended to be a guideline, not expert advice. Please be sure to speak to your professor about the appropriate way to cite sources in your class assignments and projects. Campus StudentsTo access Academic Support, visit your Brightspace course and select “Tutoring and Mentoring” from the Academic Support pulldown menu. Online StudentsTo access help with citations and more, visit the Academic Support via modules in Brightspace:
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