Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [2] 'For the WikiDoc patient information for this topic, click here OverviewThyroid hormones are responsible for regulating the basal metabolic rate of the body. Over secretion of thyroid hormones can lead to a wide variety of syndromes depending on the cause of the hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism can be due to hyperactivity of the thyroid gland itself (primary hyperthyroidism) or due to abnormalities in the pituitary gland or the hypothalamus causing irregularities in the upper control of the gland. Hyperthyroidism can also be classified according to the results of iodine uptake study into high uptake, high or normal uptake, and low uptake. Hyperthyroidism must be differentiated from other diseases that cause insomnia, anxiety, and hypertension such as pheochromocytoma, generalized anxiety disorder, and essential hypertension. The pathophysiology and the compilation of symptoms and signs differ between the different diseases causing high thyroid activity. ClassificationAccording to the origin of the abnormalityHyperthyroidism is classified according to the origin of the lesion into primary, secondary, and tertiary hyperthyroidism.[1]
According to iodine uptakeHyperthyroidism can be classified according to the results of iodine uptake test into high uptake, high or normal uptake, and low uptake.[2]
Differentiating hyperthyroidism from other diseasesHyperthyroidism must be differentiated from other diseases that cause anxiety, elevated blood pressure, and insomnia; such as essential hypertension, generalized anxiety disorder, and pheochromocytoma.
Differentiating the causes of thyrotoxicosis
Prominent features in the different causes of hyperthyroidism
Pathophysiology
References
What type of hyperthyroidism is Graves disease?Graves' disease - Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system attacks the thyroid. Patients with Graves' disease often have enlargement of the thyroid gland and become hyperthyroid. In some patients, the eyes may be affected.
Is hyperthyroidism a primary or secondary disorder?It can be primary or secondary: Primary hyperthyroidism is the term used when the pathology is within the thyroid gland. Secondary hyperthyroidism is the term used when the thyroid gland is stimulated by excessive thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the circulation.
Is Graves disease a primary autoimmune disease?In iodine-sufficient areas, GD is the most common cause of primary hyperthyroidism in the younger population [2]. It is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of thyrotropin-related antibodies (TRAb) that stimulate thyroidal cells, resulting in an overproduction of thyroid hormones [3].
Is Graves disease and primary thyrotoxicosis same?Thyrotoxicosis is the clinical effect of high levels of thyroid hormones, whether or not the thyroid gland is the primary source. The main causes of hyperthyroidism are Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goitre, and toxic adenoma.
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