Get help with accessInstitutional accessAccess to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways: Show
IP based accessTypically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account. Sign in through your institutionChoose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Shibboleth / Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institution’s website and Oxford Academic.
If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institution’s website, please contact your librarian or administrator. Sign in with a library cardEnter your library card number to sign in. If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian. Society MembersSociety member access to a journal is achieved in one of the following ways: Sign in through society siteMany societies offer single sign-on between the society website and Oxford Academic. If you see ‘Sign in through society site’ in the sign in pane within a journal:
If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society. Sign in using a personal accountSome societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. See below. Personal accountA personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions. Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. Viewing your signed in accountsClick the account icon in the top right to:
Signed in but can't access contentOxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian. Institutional account managementFor librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more. All AP Psychology ResourcesWhat is the term used to describe the idea that dreams are the result of the cerebral cortex interpreting and organizing random flashes of brain activity? Possible Answers: Eidetic Depth perception Activation synthesis Imprinting Feature detection Correct answer: Activation synthesis Explanation: This theory of dreaming was first proposed by Allan Hobson and Robert McCarley in 1977. According to the theory of activation synthesis, circuits in the brain are activated during REM sleep. These brain circuits, in turn, help to activate areas of the limbic system. All of this internal activity is synthesized and interpreted by the brain. The signals are then given meaning via dream states. Which of the following is now widely considered to be the most accurate dream theory? Possible Answers: Dreams are a collections of our repressed fears, desires, and emotions stemming from our current or past memories. They can represent repressed moments of anger and frustration towards our caregivers, or sexual feelings towards other people. Dreams should be widely disregarded as random occurrences that have nothing to do with significant emotions or memories. They occur when we get high-quality sleep that results in an abundance of higher mental functionality. Dreams are a collection of our hopes and fears. They are a place where we can subconsciously act out what it would be like if our greatest hopes and fears came true. For instance, we process our fear of dying through nightmares where we are chased or under threat. Dreams are the result of random electrical firings in our brains in regions that process memories. The reason dreams seem like stories is that our waking mind tries to make sense of them through a coherent narrative. Correct answer: Dreams are the result of random electrical firings in our brains in regions that process memories. The reason dreams seem like stories is that our waking mind tries to make sense of them through a coherent narrative. Explanation: The most pervasive theory of dreaming is that dreams are a result of electrical impulses in our brains that occur only while we sleep. Allan Hobson and Robert McCarley came up with this theory in 1973, and proposed that the reason why dreams have come to garner so much meaning for people is that our waking minds will give them a narrative. In other words, our actual dreams are not stories; they are instead random memories strung together. When we wake up, we try to make them into stories that make sense to us. Who was originally responsible for creating the psychoanalytic approach to dream theory? Possible Answers: Abraham Maslow Allan Hobson Sigmund Freud Carl Jung Correct answer: Sigmund Freud Explanation: Sigmund Freud is the founder of dream theory. He approached dreams from a psychoanalytic perspective, which posits that most of our actions are the result of repressed feelings and desires. Freud thought these feelings and desires came out unrestricted in our dreams. Which belief was commonly held by ancient or older civilizations in history? Possible Answers: Dreams represented messages that ancestors wanted to convey to living heirs to help teach life lessons Since everyone was widely considered to be possessed by at least a few demons, dreams represented messages from these demons Dreams are unnecessary and frivolous, and should be ignored Dreams are portals to an entirely different world we cannot access in waking life Correct answer: Dreams are portals to an entirely different world we cannot access in waking life Explanation: Many older civilizations believed that dreams were metaphysical experiences wherein the soul was transported from the body to a completely different realm or spiritual plane. What is the difference between the physiological and psychological theories of dreaming? Possible Answers: Physiological theories claim that dreams are a product of processes in the body that the brain interprets when we sleep. Psychological theories claim dreams are a way of processing issues in our lives. Physiological theories claim that dreams are a product of neural firing in the brain. Psychological theories claim dreams are a way for the brain to correct some kind of existing disorder. Physiological theories claim that dreams are a product of some kind of existing disorder in the brain. Psychological theories claim dreams are a way of processing issues in our lives. Physiological theories claim that dreams are a product of neural firing in the brain. Psychological theories claim dreams are a way of processing issues in our lives. Correct answer: Physiological theories claim that dreams are a product of neural firing in the brain. Psychological theories claim dreams are a way of processing issues in our lives. Explanation: Physiological theories claim that dreams are a product of neural firing in the brain, which can sometimes, according to some theorists, aid in the process of learning. This is why it is recommended to get good sleep before a test! Psychological theories claim dreams are a way of processing issues in our lives, founded in Freud's initial dream theory, which posited dreams as ways we process repressed feelings and desires. There are many who believe dreams are a combination of both theories; they are random, but still serve some purpose. Bed wetting and night terrors occur during which stage of sleep? Possible Answers: Stage 4 REM Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 2 Explanation: Stage 4 sleep is referred to as delta sleep, or deep sleep. It is very hard to wake someone in this stage of sleep. Unlike REM sleep, there are no eye or muscle movements. This is the time during which young children may wet their beds and/or experience night terrors. A patient is slightly overweight and has trouble sleeping. He keeps waking up gasping for air, disrupting his sleeping patterns. What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient? Possible Answers: Sleep apnea Hypnagogic jerks Night terrors Insomnia Narcolepsy Correct answer: Sleep apnea Explanation: Sleep apnea is characterized by pauses or lack of breathing when sleeping. A lack of oxygen to the brain causes a buildup of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream. Accumulated carbon dioxide causes the person to wake up, gasping for air. Normal breathing upon wakefulness will allow normal oxygen flow until the person falls back asleep. Sleep apnea is more common among middle aged and overweight individuals. While genetics play a significant role, those with enlarged tonsils, allergies (which may cause swelling of the throat), sinus problems, or enlarged necks are also at risk of sleep apnea. Memory encoding occurs during which sleep stage? Possible Answers: Stage 4, using delta waves REM, using delta waves REM, using theta waves Stage 2, using sleep spindles Stage 1, using theta waves Correct answer: REM, using theta waves Explanation: Memory is encoded during REM sleep. In the hippocampus, neurons fire four times as opposed to once as a result of ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) spikes. Memories from a day's activities and learning are encoded in the hippocampus four times, contributing to long-term memory. Theta waves are also associated with this stage of sleep and contribute to REM's restorative nature. Dreams occur in which stage of sleep? Possible Answers: REM rebound REM sleep Delta sleep Sleep spindles Sleep onset Explanation: REM sleep (or Rapid Eye Movement) is the stage in which dreams occur, because even though the body is essentially paralyzed, this stage is accompanied by intense activity in the brain. Which of the following is not a theory on the function of sleep? Possible Answers: Sleep helps consolidate our memories. Sleep was an adaptive strategy to prevent an animal from being awake when it was most hazardous. Sleep supports proper growth. Sleep promotes brain restore and repair. Sleep promotes a healthy lifestyle. Correct answer: Sleep promotes a healthy lifestyle. Explanation: The term "healthy lifestyle" may be broadly defined from culture to culture. While sleep is healthy and good for the body, too much sleep may also be detrimental, or a sign of severe depression. This answer choice is too broad, and not specific enough in its limitations on sleep, to be accurate. All the other answers are well known theories about the function of sleep. All AP Psychology ResourcesWhat does activationLesson Summary. The Activation-Synthesis Theory , also called the neural activation theory, is a neurobiological approach to explain why humans have dreams. It states that a dream is the cerebral cortex processing nerve impulses being sent from the body to the brain stem into something that makes sense.
How does the activationTo summarize, the activation-synthesis theory essentially made three key assumptions: High levels of activity in the brainstem are necessary for dreaming to take place. Activation in these areas of the brain results in REM sleep and dreaming, and by corollary, all dreaming takes place during REM sleep.
What is activationa hypothesis that explains dreams as a product of cortical interpretation of random neural activity rising from the brainstem (specifically the pons).
Which best fits the activationWhich best fits the activation-synthesis theory of dreaming? Electrical brain impulses pull random thoughts and imagery from our memories. The belief that our sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks, which increase in darkness, is consistent with ________ theories about sleep.
|
The activation synthesis theory best helps to explain why
Copyright © 2024 en.apacode Inc.
